This is the first comprehensive exposition of the republican alternative to the liberal and communitarian theories that dominate contemporary political philosophy. The book begins by examining the traditional republican concept of liberty as "non-domination," contrasting it with negative and positive conceptions of liberty. The first part traces the rise and decline of this concept, explores its strengths, and demonstrates why it should remain a vital political ideal. The second part addresses the forms of constitutional and democratic organization, regulation, and state-civil society relations that are consistent with this ideal.