This book is dedicated to one of the most relevant and therefore most controversial social categories - equality, as well as its reverse side - inequality. How equality was understood before, how it is understood in Modern history, how we understand it - this is the range of questions to which the author-compiler Nikita Eliseev - a writer, publicist, critic, translator - tries to get answers. The first part of the book analyzes philosophical works touching on the problem of equality/inequality. The second part includes conversations with scientists and researchers from the fields of anthropology, sociology, economics, history, theology, presenting their understanding of equality and inequality.