This book is the first attempt to encompass the entire cultural and religious complex of shamanism and define its place in the general history of religions. Centuries ago, the word "shaman" entered world languages, originating in the depths of Russia. As a term for people endowed with the gift of communication with otherworldly forces, it has acquired a broad geographical scope and is now applicable not only to Siberia and Central Asia, but also to North America, Africa, Indonesia, and Oceania. Shamans are universally considered masters of trance, during which their souls mystically separate from their bodies, ascending to Heaven or descending into Hell. These phenomenal abilities allow them to establish contact with the deceased, spirits, and demons without becoming their blind instrument. Through altered states of consciousness, shamans become healers of the sick, guides the dead to the Kingdom of Shadows, and mediators of communication between humans and gods. The author of this book analyzes in detail shamanic techniques of ecstasy: from ritual dancing with a tambourine...