The book presented to the reader’s attention tells the story of the development of the memory of World War II in Lithuania in a new way. Focusing on the history of museums, memorials and war monuments, Yekaterina Makhotina identifies various actors, practices of remembrance and historical discourses from the first days of the war until 2013. The fate of Lithuania during the German occupation is unique: here the German command immediately began to implement a policy of mass extermination of the Jewish population, which led to the death of almost all Lithuanian Jews. This experience could not but affect the conflict in the process of developing cultural memory of the war in Soviet Lithuania. After perestroika and the return of Lithuania’s state sovereignty in 1990, “lived history” and, above all, the experience of the victims of Stalinism took a central place in public representation. At the same time, attention was given to the topic of the Holocaust and overcoming the silence about the number of its victims and accomplices. By analysing archival sources and museum exhibitions, the author shows that memory discourses in Lithuania are diverse and characterized by constant changes and refractions. Today, various “alternative memories” in Lithuania itself, as well as the global Holocaust memory discourse, challenge the state policy of national self-victimisation.