*Cannibal Metaphysics*, a book by the prominent Brazilian anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (b. 1951)—a professor at the National Museum of Brazil, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro—addresses pressing issues in ethnography and philosophy. Re-examining Claude Lévi-Strauss’s classic theory of exchange and sacrifice—which has profoundly influenced contemporary anthropology—the author offers an original interpretation of the "ethno-metaphysics" of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, grounded in concepts such as "perspectivism" and "multinaturalism." Drawing on the work of anthropologists Philippe Descola, Roy Wagner, and Marilyn Strathern, as well as philosophers Bruno Latour, Isabelle Stengers, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari, Viveiros de Castro argues for the necessity of developing an entirely new post-structuralist methodology.