How do undemocratic regimes work in the 21st century? Together with Daniel Treisman, we have collected data on old and new dictatorships that shows that most of today’s autocrats differ from their predecessors in that they use deception rather than fear. In this book, we tell a general audience why dictatorships of deception are displacing traditional dictatorships of fear, how modern dictatorships of deception function, and how to fight them.